Writing

We have a guest posting by author/screenwriter/director/film producer, Nic Penrake . . .

HOW TO WRITE A GREAT SYNOPSIS

Written your screenplay? Happy with it? Great. No, wait, shit. We gotta write a synopsis. :(

What a come down.

But of course a synopsis is usually the second thing a producer will ask to read, assuming your logline rescued him or her from reader-fatigue.

Now that I head up development at Film Engine UK and am producing as well as writing and directing, I get sent quite a lot of scripts – but having only so many hours in the day I read a lot more synopses than I do scripts. And in my view a lot of writers screw up the synopsis. Me too sometimes. It’s usually down to laziness, the aforementioned drag factor. The truth is, it’s not easy writing one, especially when it’s for your own script.

While it’s true a synopsis should map out the main story beats, many writers neglect to write one with any kind of urgency. If you just finished writing a great new draft of your thriller, your synopsis should be written in the style of a thriller. I fully appreciate, you’ve just worked your ass off for a few weeks, maybe months, and now you have to crush this great work down to 500 words or so, and the job feels a bit like vandalism of one’s own most precious possession. But you can’t afford to entertain this emotion for more than a few minutes, you owe it to your script, aching shoulders and burnt eyeballs to get it right. So maybe this can help…

Structure your synopsis

The first thing I’d advise you to do is to pay close attention to the structure of your synopsis.

A producer/manager is looking to see if you know where the catalyst comes, where the break into 2, the mid point, the break into 3 should appear. So try and oblige on that front.

Avoid long paragraphs – 4-5 lines should cover the key sequences in your screenplay if you’re working to a short synopsis of around 500 words.

Whether you put in subheadings to the version you send off is probably not so important, although personally I would be impressed and reassured, but at least have them there while you’re writing it. Because, by giving yourself a structure for your synopsis, you will better able to:

• Identify your theme
• Make the key moments stand out in a visual way
• Identify the internal as well as the external conflict
• Provide a breathing space from one act to the next and therefore make the synopsis altogether more readable

I would also add that writers often neglect to give the reader a sense of what the story is about. Most producers I know are much more impressed by a synopsis that can convey a sense of theme than include a series of events as if writing a list of side effects on the side of packet of pills. The events are not what the story is about. It’s less a case of saying, Hey, this is my theme, than writing the synopsis in such a way that your theme is clearly visible.

So, what is it about human nature you want to explore by way of putting your hero through the tough journey we find in your script?

The theme is what makes your audience ask themselves, ‘Would I choose that? Is that my point of view?’ And if it’s strong enough along with the concept it’s what most intrigues your seen-a-thousand-scripts-this-week-none-of-em-any-good producer.

As an example, why is Wall Street such a powerful movie? Arguably because it takes the theme of greed and goes to town on it, showing us how greed can change us. Can you retell the story to a friend? Many of us will have to admit, No, I can’t. But the theme stays with us, grabs us by the you know what and leaves a deep impression.

So, a synopsis that is clear about its theme will throw a heavier punch than a page listing events and outcomes.

Once you’ve got down the basic story points, re-write your first draft synopsis so it reads like a story – with some of the warmth a good story should possess, if not exude. Now it’s reading well, read it aloud. But before you do, print it out. Yes, don’t be lazy and read it off the screen, print it out. For one thing printing it out will help you spot typox – oops, typos – that you often overlook reading from the screen, secondly there’s something about having the damn thing in your hand that brings you closer to the words you’ve written, and enables you to consider the emotional weight of your synopsis when you read it aloud.

This last exercise doesn’t have to be as breathless as a Hollywood elevator pitch, just engaging and easily digestible, conveying urgency at the key moments and moving toward a crescendo – your climax.

Holes in your synopsis could mean holes in your script

One of the interesting things, even surprises, that can come from writing a well-structured synopsis is that often times you will discover a ‘hole’ in your story. You may discover for instance that you completely lack a midpoint and there’s nothing much that breaks up your Act II so your Break into III feels a long time coming. It could be your catalyst comes so early that your set up is undernourished – with the result we’ve hardly grasped what your protagonist is about before he or she is thrown into the main story.

So to summarize, on writing a synopsis, don’t rise to the temptation of knocking it off in a spare hour as if it were just one of those boring things the industry expects you to write. If you write one with that feeling in mind, you’ll likely write a bad one. I know I did when I first had to do them. I still do when I’m feeling lazy. If that happens to you, do a draft then come back to it, don’t rush it and persuade yourself it’s done. Use this exercise as a sort of surgery to identify how well you’ve covered those ‘holes’, got your pacing right. Can you see your picture coming alive even in those few hundred words?

Now write your synopsis like an ad man

And finally, try this…In your final draft, treat your synopsis like ad copy. This is no longer a script you’re selling, this is the most exquisite malt whisky you’ve ever tasted. It’s the wackiest toy you’ve ever played with. The point is, this is your sales document, so make it… I’m tempted to say, sexy, but I’d rather you made it tasty, so it lingers on the tongue like a fine wine or, say, one of Don Draper’s favourite bourbons.

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For more great articles from Nic Penrake, please visit http://nicpenrakeandassociates.com/

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Here are what some famous writers have said about their craft . . .

Writers can treat their mental illnesses every day.  –  Kurt Vonnegut, Jr.

There is no such thing as a moral or an immoral book. Books are
well written or badly written.  –  Oscar Wilde

It is the purpose of literature to turn blood into ink.  –  T.S. Eliot

Every secret of a writer’s soul, every experience of his life, every quality
of his mind is written large in his works.  –  Virginia Woolf

The difference between the right word and the wrong word is the difference
between the lightning and the lightning-bug.  –  Mark Twain

The original writer is not one who imitates nobody, but one whom
nobody can imitate.  –  Francois Rene de Chateaubriand

It is better to fail in originality, than to succeed in imitation.  –  Herman Melville

How do I know what I think until I see what I say?  –  E.M. Forster

You can’t wait for inspiration. You have to go after it with a club.  –  Jack London

Ideas are like rabbits. You get a couple and learn how to handle them, and
pretty soon you have a dozen.  –  John Steinbeck

The first draft of anything is shit.  –  Ernest Hemingway

Planning to write is not writing. Outlining . . . researching . . . talking to
people about what you’re doing, none of that is writing.
Writing is writing.  –  E.L. Doctorow

From my close observation of writers … they fall into two groups: 1) those
who bleed copiously and visibly at any bad review, and 2) those who
bleed copiously and secretly at any bad review  –  Isaac Asimov

Creativity is a continual surprise.  –  Ray Bradbury

In art economy is alway beauty.  –  Henry James

The most valuable of all talents is that of never using two
words when one will do.  –  Thomas Jefferson

There is a difference between a book of two hundred pages from the very beginning, and
a book of two hundred pages which is the result of an original eight hundred pages.
The six hundred are there. Only you don’t see them.  –  Elie Wiesel

For just when ideas fail, a word comes in to save the situation.  –  Goethe

Words are, of course, the most powerful drug used by mankind.  –  Rudyard Kipling

Political chaos is connected with the decay of the language … one can probably bring
about some improvement by starting at the verbal end.  –  George Orwell

Either write something worth reading or do something
worth writing  –  Benjamin Franklin

Whether we are describing a king, an assassin, a thief, an honest man, a prostitute,
a nun, a young girl, or a stall holder in a market, it is always ourselves
that we are describing.  –  Guy De Maupassant

Style, in its finest sense, is the last acquirement of the educated mind; it is also the most
useful. It pervades the whole being. The administrator with a sense for style hates
waste; the engineer with a sense for style economizes his material; the artisan
with a sense for style prefers good work. Style is the ultimate
morality of mind.  –  Alfred North Whitehead

I don’t want to just mess with your head. I want to mess with your life…. I want you to
miss appointments, burn dinner, skip your homework. I want you to tell your wife
to take that moonlight stroll on the beach at Waikiki with the resort tennis pro
while you read a few more chapters.  –  Stephen King

Reading maketh a full man, conference a ready man, and
writing an exact man.  –  Francis Bacon

Being a writer is like having homework every night for
the rest of your life.  –  Lawrence Kasdan

It took me fifteen years to discover I had no talent for writing, but I couldn’t give it up
because by that time I was too famous.  –  Robert Benchley

My most important piece of advice to all you would-be writers: when you write,
try to leave out all the parts readers skip.  –  Elmore Leonard

English usage is sometimes more than mere taste, judgment, and education —
sometimes it’s sheer luck, like getting across the street.  –  E.B. White

Writing is not hard. Just get paper and pencil, sit down, and write it as it occurs to you.
The writing is easy — it’s the occurring that’s hard.  –  Stephen Leacock

Language is a cracked kettle on which we bang out tunes to make the bears dance,
when what we long for is to move the stars to pity.  –  Gustave Flaubert

If you want to write fiction, the best thing you can do is take two aspirins,
lie down in a dark room, and wait for the feeling to pass. If it persists,
you probably ought to write a novel.  –  Lawrence Block

Don’t ask to live in tranquil time. Literature doesn’t grow there.  –  Rita Mae Brown

No tears in the writer, no tears in the reader.  –  Robert Frost

Nothing goes by luck in composition. It allows of no tricks. The best you
can write will be the best you are.  –  Henry David Thoreau

What is written without effort is read without pleasure  –  Samuel Johnson

Writing is a form of therapy; sometimes I wonder how all those who do not write,
compose or paint can manage to escape the madness, melancholia, the panic
fear which is inherent in a human situation.  –  Graham Greene

Writing has laws of perspective, of light and shade, just as painting
does, or music. If you are born knowing them, fine. If not, learn them.
Then rearrange the rules to suit yourself.  –  Truman Capote

There are three rules to writing fiction. Unfortunately, no one
knows what they are.  –  Somerset Maugham

“Begin at the beginning,” the King said, very gravely, “and go on till
you come to the end: then stop.”  –  Lewis Carroll

I have spent most of the day putting in a comma and the rest
of the day taking it out.  –  Oscar Wilde

Writing is one of the most easy, pain-free, and happy ways to pass the time in all
the arts. For example, right now I am sitting in my rose garden and typing on my new
computer. Each rose represents a story, so I’m never at a loss for what to write. I just look
deep into the heart of the rose and read its story and write it down through typing, which
I enjoy anyway. I could be typing “kjfiu joewmv jiw” and would enjoy it as much as
typing words that actually make sense. I simply relish the movement of my fingers
on the keys. Sometimes, it is true, agony visits the head of a writer. At these
moments, I stop writing and relax with a coffee at my favorite restaurant,
knowing that words can be changed, rethought, fiddled with, and,
of course, ultimately denied. Painters don’t have that luxury.
If they go to a coffee shop, their paint dries into a
hard mass.  –  Steve Martin

Outside of a dog, a book is a man’s best friend. Inside of a dog,
it’s too dark to read.  –  Groucho Marx

The business of the poet and novelist is to show the sorriness underlying the grandest
things, and the grandeur underlying the sorriest things.  –  Thomas Hardy

Technique alone is never enough. You have to have passion. Technique
alone is just an embroidered potholder.  –  Raymond Chandler

If you have an important point to make, don’t try to be subtle or clever. Use a pile
driver. Hit the point once. Then come back and hit it again. Then hit it
a third time — a tremendous whack.  –  Winston Churchill

The writer must believe that what he is doing is the most important thing in the
world. And he must hold to this illusion even when he knows
it is not true.  –  John Steinbeck

The difference between fiction and reality? Fiction
has to make sense.  –  Tom Clancy

Good writing is like a windowpane.  –  George Orwell

Capture your reader, let him not depart, from dull beginnings
that refuse to start.  –  Horace

The English language is an arsenal of weapons. If you are going to brandish them
without checking to see whether or not they are loaded, you must expect to
have them explode in your face from time to time.  –  Stephen Fry

The best craftsmanship always leaves holes and gaps in the works of the
poem so that something that is not in the poem can creep,
crawl, flush, or thunder in.  –  Dylan Thomas

Put down everything that comes into your head and then you’re a writer.
But an author is one who can judge his own stuff’s worth,
without pity. and destroy most of it.  –  Colette

Use plain, simple language, short words, and brief sentences. That is the way
to write English — it is the modern way and the best way. Stick to it;
don’t let fluff and flowers and verbosity creep in. When you catch
an adjective, kill it. No, I don’t mean all, but kill most of
them — then the rest will be valuable. They weaken
when they are close together. They give strength
when they are wide apart.  –  Mark Twain

A writer’s style should be direct and personal, his imagery rich and earthy, and
his words simple and vigorous. The greatest writers have the gift of
brilliant brevity, are hard workers, diligent scholars and
competent stylists.  –  Ernest Hemingway

The beautiful part of writing is that you don’t have to get it right the first time,
unlike, say, a brain surgeon. You can always do it better, find the exact
word, the apt phrase, the leaping simile.  –  Robert Cormier

Books aren’t written — they’re rewritten. Including your own. It is one
of the hardest things to accept, especially after the seventh
rewrite hasn’t quite done it.  –  Michael Crichton

If any man wish to write a clear style, let him first
be clear in his thoughts.  –  Goethe

Everything that can be thought at all can be thought clearly. Everything
that can be said can be said clearly.  –  Ludwig Wittgenstein

Half my life is an act of revision.  –  John Irving

I love being a writer. What I can’t stand is the paperwork.  –  Peter De Vries

If you can’t annoy somebody, there’s little point in writing.  –  Kingsley Amis

Grammar is a piano I play by ear. All I know about
grammar is its power.  –  Joan Didion

A man’s grammar, like Caesar’s wife, must not only be pure, but above
suspicion of impurity.  –  Edgar Allan Poe

I write to find out what I’m talking about.  –  Edward Albee

Advice to young writers who want to get ahead without annoying delays:
don’t write about Man, write about a man.  –  E.B. White

The discipline of the writer is to learn to be still and listen to what
his subject has to tell him.  –  Rachel Carson

If a writer of prose knows enough about what he is writing about, he may omit
things that he knows, and the reader, if the writer is writing truly enough,
will have a feeling of those things as strongly as though the writer
had stated them.  –  Ernest Hemingway

Writing is a sacred calling — but so are gardening, dentistry and plumbing, so don’t
put on airs. Writers are journalists before they’re anything else. You keep coming back
to journalism, which is continually hard work, to describe action, to narrate a sequence of
events and somehow keep your own fine sensibility out of it, to simply say how the game
progressed. In all the best poems you find precise reporting, and this has very little to do
with the mood of the writer. You can write comedy when you’re sick, when you’re
lonely as a barn owl and your head hurts and your friends are mad at you.
It’s just work, that’s all, and you go do it if you need to. It’s a good
life being a writer. Be grateful for it. And don’t give
advice to writers, no matter who asks
you to.  –  Garrison Keillor


Now we’d like to hear what you have to say.

Please leave your comments below.

One Comment

  • Mark Aikins

    I wrote this poem this morning…what do you think?

    Beyond

    Fair faces launched at least a thousand ships
    And chained the heart of many-a warrior king;
    This treasured fire braved wastes and walls and whips
    To gain the sole possession of one ring.
    How many hearts are welded to a dream
    Of ever-after happiness and bliss,
    To merely grasp instead handfuls of steam
    As turtle-doves expire with-a serpent’s hiss?
    Four-letter word, with such a checkered past:
    Why do all youths fall victim to your flame,
    When all can see how rarely it will last
    And aging suitors hang their heads in shame?

    I early came to know the lonesome curse–
    A heart cut off from free, unfettered joy–
    The lauded idyll of the poet’s verse,
    Eluding every hopeful, heartsick boy.
    My mind and soul cried from an empty well
    Their call to mate with some ideal I’d lost
    Somewhere between bright heaven and dark hell,
    Between Passover’s pains and Pentecost.
    For many passions throngs have dared to die
    Rather than lose the loves for which they fought;
    But who would seek a sinner sick as I,
    Who only could by royal blood be bought?

    Was I–O truly?–meant for love beyond
    All passions those on earth might undertake?
    Do best affections here, reflect the bond
    Eternity itself will never break?
    Beyond the smold’ring ash, beyond the death,
    Beyond the wasting, wanting, weary earth…
    Beyond the ever-after war for breath,
    Is there, indeed, what all lost loves are worth?

    MNA
    2/15/15

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